the Toyota Production System. Among its many key principles is a philosophy called Jidoka, which Toyota says is "roughly translated as 'automation with a human touch."" If a worker notices something wrong, the worker is supposed to report it, sometimes even stopping the entire assembly line if a faulty part is about to proceed to the next station. (A special cord, called an andon, stops the assembly line and alerts the expert crew.) Experts converge upon the problem area to determine the cause. Human-in-the-loop
The Design of Everyday Things: Revised and Expanded Edition
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